Cold War – 聲軌 Soundtraces

1945

1945年，7月26日美中英三國發表波茲坦公告，對日公開招降，日方不予回應。8月初美軍在日本投下原子彈，8月15日大日本帝國宣布向同盟國無條件投降，9月2日舉行投降儀式宣告第二次世界大戰結束。 On July 26, 1945, the United States, China, and Britain issued the Potsdam Declaration calling for Japan's surrender. Japan did not respond. In early August, the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Japan. On August 15, the Empire of Japan announced unconditional surrender, and the formal ceremony on September 2 marked…

1947

冷戰開始 Cold War Begins

冷戰一般被認為起於1947年，止於1991年，可視為20世紀國家安全戰略需求所形成的一種全新的國際戰略競爭形態，文化冷戰是它最顯著的特征，冷戰的實質是對意識形態的爭奪。 The Cold War is generally considered to have begun in 1947 and ended in 1991. It represented a new form of international strategic competition driven by national security imperatives. Cultural warfare was its most defining feature, with the struggle fundamentally centered on ideological supremacy.

1950

韓戰開始 Korean War Begins

1945年8月，蘇聯對日宣戰，以北緯38度線為界分別占領朝鮮半島。在1948年南北兩分別成立了兩個政府為韓戰原因。北韓在蘇聯武裝支持和中華人民共和國的默許下，在1950年以反擊為理由入侵韓國。 In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and divided the Korean Peninsula along the 38th parallel. After two separate governments were established in 1948, North Korea — backed by Soviet arms and with tacit Chinese support — invaded South Korea in 1950, triggering the Korean War.

1951

台灣開始接受美援 Taiwan Begins Receiving U.S. Aid

從1951年到1965年的美援期間，來自華府總計共有14.8億的美援，不僅促使我國農業、工業的穩定發展，更引導經濟長期的成長。當時，美援猶如看不見的推手，援助臺灣開創經濟奇蹟。 From 1951 to 1965, a total of US$1.48 billion in American aid flowed to Taiwan, stabilizing agricultural and industrial development and guiding long-term economic growth. U.S. aid acted as an invisible hand in helping Taiwan build its economic miracle.

1952

《今日世界》創刊 Today’s World Magazine Founded

今日世界創刊於1952年3月15日，1980年至598期停刊。為美國國務院在遠東創辦的宣傳的中文刊物之一，報導的一手科學新知、世界動態、社會時潮，以及文藝創作質量均佳，因此廣受歡迎。 Today's World was founded on March 15, 1952, and ran until issue 598 in 1980. Established by the U.S. State Department as a Chinese-language publication for the Far East, it was widely read for its quality coverage of science news, world affairs, social trends, and literary content.

1953

韓戰結束 Korean War Ends

自1950年起韓戰經過三年交戰，於1953年7月27日，參戰方三邊（中華人民共和國、北韓、聯合國）簽署朝鮮停戰協定後暫時停止。協議建立了南北韓非軍事區以隔離北韓和韓國。 After three years of fighting since 1950, the Korean Armistice Agreement was signed on July 27, 1953, by three parties — the People's Republic of China, North Korea, and the United Nations — temporarily halting hostilities and establishing the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

1955

台北成立美軍協防司令部 U.S. Taiwan Defense Command Established in Taipei

美軍協防台灣司令部於中美共同防禦條約簽訂後的1955年創立，直接向美國太平洋司令部報告，由美軍各單位的人員組成，並在臺北圓山設立總部，而在1979年4月26日，隨著所謂中美斷交後撤廢。 The U.S. Taiwan Defense Command was established in 1955 following the signing of the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, reporting directly to the U.S. Pacific Command. Headquartered at Yuanshan in Taipei, it was dissolved on April 26, 1979, following the severance of U.S.–ROC diplomatic relations.

1965

越戰美軍來台渡假人數增加 U.S. Troops on R&R from Vietnam Arrive in Taiwan

1965年美國全面介入越戰，台灣成為駐越美軍的渡假中心，酒吧與色情行業大量興起，西洋歌曲也跟隨著而來地流行起來，美式文化正式影響台灣。 In 1965, the United States escalated its full military involvement in Vietnam, and Taiwan became a rest-and-recreation hub for U.S. troops. Bars and entertainment venues proliferated, Western music followed, and American cultural influence began reshaping Taiwan in earnest.

1970

保釣運動 Protect the Diaoyutai Movement

1970年美日協議，美國將二戰時佔領的琉球群島的管轄權移交日本。由於美日皆將釣魚台群島―即日文所謂尖閣群島（senkaku）視為琉球的屬島，遂引發海內外學生保衛釣魚台領土的運動。 In 1970, the United States and Japan agreed to transfer administrative control of the Ryukyu Islands from the U.S. to Japan. Since both countries regarded the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands as part of the Ryukyus, this triggered student movements in Taiwan and among overseas Chinese communities to defend the territorial claim.

1971

聯合國大會2758號決議 UN General Assembly Resolution 2758

1971年10月25日，聯合國通過2758號決議文，驅逐中華民國在聯合國及其附屬組織所佔據的席位，並由中華人民共和國取代。 On October 25, 1971, the United Nations passed Resolution 2758, expelling the Republic of China from its seat and affiliated organizations, and recognizing the People's Republic of China as the sole lawful representative of China.

1972

尼克森訪中 Nixon Visits China

1971年，尼克森宣布他將在次年訪問中華人民共和國。1972年2月21日至28日的這次訪問，是在過去的20年內首次向美國民眾展現了當時的中華人民共和國。形成了美國聯合中華人民共和國對抗蘇聯的局面。 In 1971, Nixon announced his intention to visit the People's Republic of China the following year. His February 21–28, 1972 visit was the first time in over two decades that the PRC was presented to the American public, laying the groundwork for a U.S.–PRC alignment against the Soviet Union.

1973

美軍撤出越南 U.S. Military Withdraws from Vietnam

1973年1月27日，美國經過長期談判，與越南民主共和國在關於越南問題的《巴黎協定》上簽字，宣告美國在越南軍事行動的失敗。 On January 27, 1973, the United States and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam signed the Paris Peace Accords after prolonged negotiations, marking the failure of the U.S. military campaign in Vietnam.

1979

美軍電台轉型為ICRT Armed Forces Radio Becomes ICRT

1979年美國正式與中共建交，美國駐台官方單位陸續離開台灣，包括駐台美軍，美軍電台後轉型為台北國際社區廣播電台（ICRT）。 In 1979, as the United States formally recognized the PRC, American official institutions — including U.S. military forces — gradually withdrew from Taiwan. Armed Forces Radio Taiwan was reorganized as the International Community Radio Taipei (ICRT).

1987

台灣省戒嚴令解除 Martial Law Lifted in Taiwan

1986年的5月19日鄭南榕等人發起「519綠色行動」，解除戒嚴是行動中的主要訴求。200多名「黨外」人士在台北龍山寺廣庭靜坐示威。1987年7月14日，蔣經國總統迫於形勢宣佈解除長達38年的戒嚴。 On May 19, 1986, Cheng Nan-jung and others launched the '519 Green Action,' with lifting martial law as a central demand. Over 200 tangwai activists sat in protest at Longshan Temple in Taipei. On July 14, 1987, President Chiang Ching-kuo, under mounting pressure, announced the end of 38 years of…

1989

台灣列入美國「特別301」優先觀察名單 Taiwan Placed on U.S. Special 301 Priority Watch List

301條款是一九七四年貿易法經修訂的一個條款，授權美國貿易代表經由談判根除外國的不公平貿易行徑，台灣曾在1989年被列入特別301優先觀察國家名單。 Section 301 is a provision of the revised 1974 Trade Act that authorizes the U.S. Trade Representative to negotiate the elimination of unfair foreign trade practices. Taiwan was placed on the Special 301 Priority Watch List in 1989.

柏林圍牆被迫開放 Berlin Wall Falls

1989年夏末秋初，東德境內人民對於柏林圍牆能不能倒下的聲音越來越大，11月超過100萬東德民眾示威要求結束東德政權，人數佔了當時德國人口10%，最後東德政府在11月9日宣布開放民眾進入其他國家。 In late 1989, popular pressure for the fall of the Berlin Wall grew louder across East Germany. In November, over one million East Germans — approximately 10% of the German population — demonstrated to demand the end of the East German regime. On November 9, the East German government announced…

1991

蘇聯解體 Soviet Union Dissolves

1989年柏林圍牆倒塌。接連數月共產黨政體相繼垮台。民主政府在匈牙利、波蘭和捷克斯拉夫等國家建立起來，德國宣告統一。在蘇聯波羅的海沿岸的立陶宛、拉脫維亞和愛沙尼亞等國於1991年獨立。 The Berlin Wall fell in 1989. Over the following months, communist regimes collapsed in succession. Democratic governments were established in Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia; Germany reunified. In 1991, the Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia within the Soviet Union achieved independence.

冷戰 Cold War