剛回國的許常惠開始推動國內音樂創作，這段期間無論是作曲團體的誕生，或是作曲家的作品發表會，都達到空前的盛況。 Freshly returned from abroad, composer Hsu Chang-hui began championing original musical composition in Taiwan. The period saw an unprecedented flourishing of composer collectives and public premieres of new works.
戰後的台灣在50、60年代急遽的現代化，是現代主義在台灣發展的高峰期。 Taiwan's rapid postwar modernization in the 1950s and 1960s marked the height of the modernist movement on the island.
1965年1月1日《劇場》在台北創刊，是一份以當代前衛電影與戲劇為主的刊物，譯介西方當代主要戲劇和電影潮流，大量評介現代主義戲劇作品，偶有台灣本地藝文動態報導，共出刊9期。 Theatre magazine launched in Taipei on January 1, 1965, dedicated to contemporary avant-garde film and drama. It translated and introduced major Western theatrical and cinematic currents, featured substantial criticism of modernist drama, and occasionally reported on local arts events. It ran for nine issues.
1965年9月3日與4日這兩天，位於台北市羅斯福路三段的耕莘文教院，貝克特（Samuel Beckett, 1906-1989）的劇作《等待果陀》被翻譯成中文，首次在台灣上演。 On September 3 and 4, 1965, Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot was performed in Chinese translation for the first time in Taiwan, at the Kuangchi Program Service in Taipei's Roosevelt Road, Section 3.
洪通50歲開始閉門自學研究繪畫，1972年一次南鯤鯓代天府廟前攝影比賽機緣，意外獲得漢聲雜誌報道，70年代掀起一股「洪通狂潮」，1976年洪通在台北美國新聞處林肯中心舉辦首次個人的畫展，震撼台灣藝壇。 Hung Tung began teaching himself to paint in his fifties. A 1972 feature in Echo Magazine brought him unexpected attention, sparking a 'Hung Tung craze' in the 1970s. In 1976, his first solo exhibition at the Lincoln Center of the American Institute in Taipei shook the Taiwanese art world.
一份標榜「鄉土的、社會的、文藝的」評論性刊物。《夏潮》雜誌創刊於1976年2月28日，內容轉向反帝國主義、反資本主義以及反制式歷史教育教育文化體系，開啟左翼的知識論述運動。 Billing itself as 'nativist, social, and literary,' Summer Tide was founded on February 28, 1976. Its content turned toward anti-imperialism, anti-capitalism, and a critique of orthodox historical education, opening up a left-leaning intellectual discourse movement.
