Miller Puckette等人自1988年開始研發的Max/MSP系統,由原本MIDI操控為主的功能,進步到聲音訊息的即時處理之功能,使電腦的角色在音樂作品中的角色與功能,成為一個即興的演奏者。 The Max/MSP system, developed by Miller Puckette and others beginning in 1988, advanced from MIDI control toward real-time audio processing, allowing the computer to function as an improvising performer within musical compositions.